Glossary

The historic London observatory and suburb through which 0º longitude passes.

Amateur radio, also known as ham radio, is the use of radio frequency spectrum for purposes of non-commercial exchange of messages, wireless experimentation, self-training, private recreation, radiosport, contesting, and emergency communication.

Radio amateurs are limited to the use of small frequency bands, the amateur radio bands, allocated throughout the radio spectrum, but within these bands are allowed to transmit on any frequency using a variety of voice, text, image, and data communications modes. This enables communication across a city, region, country, continent, the world, or even into space.

A flightless bird native to New Zealand.

A nickname for New Zealanders.

A nautical mile is a unit of length used in air, marine, and space navigation, and for the definition of territorial waters

1NM = 1.151 mile = 1,852 metres

VHF radio can refer to several communications services in the very high frequency (VHF) range.

Marine VHF radio is a worldwide system of two way radio transceivers on ships and watercraft used for bidirectional voice communication from ship-to-ship

Channel 16 VHF (156.8 MHz) is a marine VHF radio frequency designated as an international distress frequency. Primarily intended for distress, urgency

Farther aft than the beam; a relative bearing of greater than 90 degrees from the bow;

On the side of the vessel, amidships or at right angles.

The centre of the yacht, with reference to her length and breadth.

Paint coating on the bottom of a boat to prevent marine fouling e.g. slime weed barnacles etc.

Traditionallly copper sheeting was used.

Towards the stern. The opposite of ahead.

To make a sail fill with wind on the opposite side normally used for sailing forward.

A fore and aft headsail is backed by either not moving the sail across when tacking, or by the winds sudden change of direction, or by hauling it to windward with the weather sheet.

Container used to scoop water out of a craft. Franda II used a plastic 2 litre bottle with handle and lid on, cut off on the diagonal just below handle.

the act of scooping water out of a craft.

Heavy material (iron, lead, or stone) is placed low in a yacht to improve stability. Seawater pumped into and out of tanks placed low in a yacht to control stability. People (crew)

A piece of wood /plastic inserted in a sail leech pocket to stiffen the sail edge.

The width of a vessel at its widest point, or a point alongside the ship at the midpoint of its length.

The direction of an object from Franda II. Usually referred to as a compass direction

Beat to, Hard beat

Sailing as close as possible towards the wind (perhaps only about 60°) in a zig-zag course so as to attain an upwind direction into which it is otherwise impossible to sail directly. See also tacking.{: .glossary}

1. To render motionless for lack of wind.
2. To make calm or still; soothe.

Under the deck.

bait scattered on water to attract fish

The place in a yacht where a person sleeps. *

A place where a yacht docks or anchors.

The lowest sections inside a yachts hull.

the end of a line, chain, or cable, esp the end secured in the chain locker of a yacht.

A pair of blocks through which a rope is rove to provide an advantageous purchase. Used for lifting heavy loads

A pole with a blunt tip and a hook on the end. Typically used to reach into the water to help people catch buoys or other floating objects or to reach people in the water.

to cease rowing, and lay the oars in the boat.

Blocks and tackle for hoisting a boat onto its davits.

An upright round post with projecting arms, to tie ropes to.

A rope, sewn on to reinforce the edges of a sail.

an outcrop of coral reef, often resembling a column, that is higher than the surrounding platform of reef and which may be partially exposed at low tide

A phrase describing the appearance of a vessel throwing up a prominent bow wave while travelling at high speed. From a vantage point in front of the vessel, the wave rising on either side of the bow evokes the image of a dog carrying a bone in its mouth, and the vessel is said to have a bone in her teeth.

A spar is used to extend the foot of a sail. On Franda II the booms were aluminium. She had three; two attached to the two masts and one attached to the inner forestay. The sails had a bolt rope on their foot which ran inside a channel the length of the boom. Being tied at the inner corner and stretched tight with an outhaul, at the outer end.

A frame in which the boom rests when the sail is not hoisted.

On Franda II the boom crutch was a permanent structure aft of the cockpit running thwart ships. Two uprights of metal with a wooden plank attached between them. The wood had three notches for the boom to sit in—one central and one on either side. The bottom edge of the wood supported the top of the cockpit cover.

A short board or swatch of heavy canvas, secured in a bridle of ropes, used to hoist a man aloft or over the ship's side for painting and similar work. Modern boatswain's chairs incorporate safety harnesses to prevent the occupant from falling.

Franda II's bosun's chair was wooden board

The front of a yacht forward.

A continuing wave created on each side of the bow when the boat moves.

A knot tied to form a temporary eye that will not slip.

A structure extending the full width of the vessel, which houses a command centre, itself called by association the bridge.

To slew around on a wave front.

bed

A floating marker, secured to the seabed, used to indicate danger, or other to assist mariners.

A general term for sails. It may be used as a collective term for all of the sails on a vessel, and the total area of sails aboard her may be expressed as the area of her canvas.

Over Canvassed - Carrying too much sail area.

A winch with a vertical rotating drum, used for handling mooring ropes and wires.

A plate that can be lowered to reduce a sailing boat’s tendency to make leeway when on the wind.

In Kohara the centreboard is let down through a slot in the bottom of the boat. There is a casing around the slot that extends above the water line so water does not flow into the boat and sink her

A fitting fastened on the deck that makes tieing off of lines quick and easy

The corner of a triangular sail at the end of the boom. Lower after corner of a sail that the sheet ties to.

When a yacht is sailing as close to the eye of the wind as she can.

Vertical structures to stop water entering, as around a cockpit.

A deck area that is lower than the sheer line of the boat and exposed to the elements.

staircase to the cabin below.

A sturdy aluminium can with a tight-fitting lid. Such cans were used for storing milk and cream and for shipping them by train/road. Franda II's was a 40 litre one.

The act of doing fast, tight 360° turns in a motorised boat.

To purposefully make the vehicle spin in a circle .

The structure supports a "block and tackle"(boat-falls) that projects over a vessel’s side or stern, to hoist up boats.

On Franda II, two manual "cranes" were used to lift the dinghy out of the water to hang suspended above deck height on the two posts. These posts were on the aft end of the poop deck; an upside-down "L" shape. This placed the top blocks out over the water a half dinghy width. The bottom "blocks" had snap shackles that clipped onto a lug amidships of the dinghy, one forward , one aft. With this arrangement of ropes and pulleys, two people could easily lift the heavy dinghy out of the water.

Estimating a position by plotting a record of courses run and distances sailed.

A type of small boat, often carried or towed as a ship's boat by a larger vessel.

A small racing yacht or recreational open sailing boat, often used for beginner training rather than sailing full-sized yachts.

Franda II carried two aluminium dinghies. A small lightweight one was bought about 1970. The other came with Franda II. It "lived" on davits and had already been around the world on yacht "Beyond". It was one of the first aluminium dinghies to be built, and was also for sailing.

Dock is used colloquially to refer to a wharf or the act of parking a yacht.

Enclosure for weather protection and controls at after end of the cabin.

A fast, tight 360° turn made in a motor vehicle or motorized boat.

The distance between the lowest part of a yacht (Usually the bottom of the keel) and her waterline.

Franda II's draft was 6 foot

A smooth guide, block or ring through which a line is rove to keep it clear of obstructions prevent chafing, or maintain it at an angle for rope, wire or chain.

throw up over the side

Packing material to protect the sides of a boat from rubbing against an object; made from canvas covered cork, flexible air filled plastic or plaited rope

A pyrotechnic signalling device, usually used to indicate distress.

1. Goods floating on the surface of a body of water after a shipwreck or after being cast overboard to lighten the ship.
2. Discarded or unimportant things.

Lying in the lengthwise line of a boat.

the interior part of a yacht that is furthest forward and often triangular in shape.

A general term for "fore and aft" (lengthwise) sails set ahead of the foremast.

A stainless steel cable reaching from the bow of the vessel to the masthead, used to support the mast.

Colloquially, the distance between the waterline and the deck line.

A hook on the end of a pole to help land a fish. Bring it onboard.

Wind blowing at over 34 knots and up to 47 knots

a yacht's kitchen

Also genny. A large triangular foresail, which strongly overlaps the mainmast. Used in light winds.

A vertically and horizontally hinged mounting in which a compass sits to keep it level.

A horizontally hinged mounting fore and aft of Franda II's stove to keep it level when the yacht heels(leans over).

Changing from one tack to another by going through the wind. The opposite way of changing tack to a gybe.{: .glossary}

Solid unbroken water that is shipped aboard.

An unintentional contact with the seabed.

Also jibe.

To change from one tack{: .glossary} to the other away from the wind, with the stern of the vessel turning through the wind. Opposite to changing tack by going about{: .glossary} or acking{: .glossary}

Ropes used for hoisting or lowering sails. They are attached to the "head" of sails. They can be all rope or all wire, or wire with a rope "tail" spliced on.

On Franda II the halyards were stainless steel wire rope onto a winch drum.

is a metal loop connecting the sail to the stay which is a wire running from the bow up the mast, forming a triangle. The hank allows the sail to slide up the stay. To "hank a sail on", is the process of connecting the sail to the stay with the metal hanks.

The cover of a hatchway.

An opening on the deck.

the toilet

Sails set forward of the foremast.

The deck head (roof) height below decks. Standing room?

when the yacht leans over on her side by the pressure of the wind in the sails, or because of the waves.

to steer a yacht. To take the helm

The interior space or compartment of a vessel in which cargo is carried.

The main structure of a yacht. The shell and framework of the basic flotation-oriented part of a ship.

A small triangular headsail that does not overlap mast. Used in heavier winds.

A projecting ridge or fin on the bottom of the hull of a yacht that improves directional control and is often weighted for added stability.

The longitudinal backbone of a yacht supporting the frames.

A two-masted fore and aft rigged yacht with the smaller mast aft but stepped forward of the rudder post.

Sand or coral islet.

Shift in the wind direction to head a yacht when close-hauled and the opposite of “lift”

The condition of a sailboat being pushed abruptly over on its side, i.e. to horizontal or "on its beam-ends", with the masts parallel to the water surface.

A unit of speed of one nautical mile per hour.

1kn = 1NM/hour = 1.852km/h= 1.150mph

A vessel travelling at 1 knot along a meridian travels approximately one minute of geographic latitude in one hour.

Approaching land from the sea. A good landfall is when a yacht arrives on course.

The seaman's term for a landsman.

To push a vessel into the water. A small power vessel.

The opposite side of a vessel or area from where the wind is coming from.

Hence the windward side is called the weather side, and the sheltered side, the leeward.

The aft or trailing edge of a fore-and-aft sail.

In navigation, a segment of a voyage between two waypoints.

Lines or wires fitted around a vessel or stanchions to keep the crew from falling overboard in bad weather.

An instrument for measuring the speed of a vessel.

A journal that records the daily positions of the vessel, winds, weather, courses, distances and noteworthy occurrences.

The mast facing edge of fore-and-aft sails between head and tack.

To put the helm so as to bring the ship up nearer to the wind.

The rope controlling the main boom

The principle sail.

On Franda II it was the large sail set on the main mast and boom.

to secure a line

The distance travelled in the correct direction, not the distance logged.

to set sail

to put sails up

the top of the mast.

A nautical mile is equivalent to 1 minute of latitude, 6080 feet or 1853.18 mtrs.

A sail set on the mizzen mast and boom, the aftermost mast of a sailing vessel. A sail similar but smaller than the mainsail. This mast is aft of the mainmast but forward of the rudder stock as Franda II was a ketch.

A makeshift bomb made of a breakable container filled with flammable liquid and, usually, provided with a rag wick that is lighted just before being hurled.

A rope terminal on the end of a heaving line to make it heavier.

To secure a vessel to the shore or sea bottom.

The International nautical mile of 1852 metres (6076.12 ft) being the average linear distance over 1 minute of latitude arc at 45° latitude at sea level.

The exercise of moving a vessel from one position to another. The science of determining a vessels position and art of planning and plotting a safe passage to another position, with due consideration of the many variables.

A nautical chart is a graphic portrayal of the marine environment, used to lay out courses and navigate by the safest route.

The lights that a vessel under way must exhibit between sunset and sunrise so that she may be identified.

Include partially submerged wrecks, containers, floating debris and reefs

A wooden pole with a flat end, the blade, used to propel a small boat through the water.

The wind is blowing from the direction the yacht is trying to sail.

sailing into the wind

On Franda II the outhaul was a rope used to stretch the foot of the sail along the boom, attached to the clew(lower aft corner) of the mainsail and the end of the boom.

Over the side of a vessel and in the water.

The fitted bow line of a small craft.

A person who is qualified to assist the master of a ship to navigate when entering or leaving a port.

the fore and arf rocking of a vessel.

To skim over the water at high speed rather than push through it.

To accurately draw a line on a chart, paper or glass surface that represents a course, bearing or vector of a vessel’s movement i.e.; plotting a vessel’s position or completing a radar plot.

The course of a sailing vessel in relation to the direction of the wind, divided into six points: in irons (pointed directly into the wind), close hauled (sailing as close into the direction of the wind as possible), close reach (between close hauled and beam reach), beam reach (perpendicular to the wind), broad reach (wind behind the vessel at an angle), and running downwind or running before the wind (wind directly behind the vessel).

The after (raised) deck area of a vessel.

The left side of a boat, looking forward. A harbour.

A harbour where the vessel will stop

The part of a ship's bow above the water.

A solid guard rail structure at the bow of a vessel. Normally made from Stainless Steel pipe.

A guard rail structure at the stern of a vessel.

to depart from a port

The after side areas of a vessel.

Ropes or timbers running horizontally across shrouds as a ladder. Franda II had wooden "steps"

To reduce a sail’s area by lashing a fold in it or roller reef where the boom rolls and wraps the sail around it.

A shoal of rock or coral.

To be anchored.

The ropes, wire stays, or chains used to support masts.

To be pulled up by the anchor with the stern facing downwind.

When the anchor gets a hold on the bottom the bow swings towards the anchor and the vessel lies in line with the wind.

1. (a rope or rod) that has passed through a hole, ring, pulley, or block.
2. Has been fastened by passing through or around.

A device for holding an oar in place when rowing or steering. Most oarlocks consist of a "socket" and a U-shaped or round "horn".

Rubbing strake. A protective longitudinal raised area along a hull. When Franda II would tie alongside a wharf or yacht the rub rail would be the first section to touch.

An inflatable rubber dinghy.

A hinged vertical panel in the water towards the stern of the yacht, to steer her by.

A navigational plotting method that projects an initial bearing or position line over the course line to intersect with a later position line.

Navigation lights used while under way and making way.

A pipe between the deck and the side of the hull to allow trapped water to run out overboard

The available manoeuvring area of a vessel.

A shut off valve through the hull for intake or discharge piping.

to become used to the the motion of a boat the ability to maintain one's balance on board ship, esp in rough weather and the ability to resist seasickness.

The sufficiency of a vessel in construction, crew and equipment for the trade and sea area in which it is employed

To close all weather/watertight hatches/doors and lash moveable items. to be sea worthy

(used with a singular or plural verb) a shallow part of a body of water; shoal.

Rice - A term given by the Australian Army in WWII

https://trove.nla.gov.au/newspaper/article/142417284

An adjustable rope that controls the trim of a sail by pressure applied to the sail’s clew, or to the boom.

The sheets had been winched in tight and fastened.

Tidy

To place (an oar) in a resting position inside a boat without removing it from the rowlock.

To Ship To place (a ship's mast or rudder, for example) in its working position.

Differs from Boat the oar - the oar is taken out of the rowlock and placed in the bottom of the dinghy

A term used to indicate the general flow of merchant shipping between two departure/terminal areas. The main Shipping lanes are marked on charts and most shipping is found there.

A shallow place in a body of water.

To reduce sail by taking it in (down) and replacing it with a small sail or by putting a reef in it.

Support mast stays on each side of a yacht.

In the context of amateur radio, a sked is a pre-arranged or scheduled contact

To swim naked.

To remove a vessel from the water to a slipway. An alternative term for slipway.

To let go a cable or anchor.

empty wind from the sail

Struts attached to the mast to spread the stays and improve the angle they make with the mast.

a thin cushioned, semi waterproof, removable mat. Normally shaped to fit seating areas around boats. They are taken on deck when required.

A violent short storm or wind, often with heavy rain.

The vertical posts that support a handrail or guardrail.

The right-hand side of a yacht when facing forward.

The green colour in boating always refer to starboard

A wire used to support (particularly fore and aft) a mast or spar.

The after end of a vessel.

To maintain position. The vessel stood off the harbour entrance till daylight made it safe to enter.

To store or put away, e.g. personal effects, tackle, or cargo.

Wave movements caused by distant storm or seismic activity.

The range of drift in a circular direction normally due to current, tide or wind shift, when a vessel is moored to a buoy.

The range of drift in a circular direction normally due to current, tide or wind shift, when a vessel is moored to a buoy.

To turn a sailing vessel through the eye of the wind (go about)(../glossary/#go about){: .glossary}.

The aspect of the vessel to the wind; a port tack with the wind on the port side and starboard tack with it on the starboard.

The corner of the sail that is attached to the mast or stay (the right angle in the triangular sail).

The lower forward corner of a sail.

The ships rail at the stern of the vessel.

To maintain pressure on the end of a line as it comes off a winch

At right angles to the fore and aft line of the ship.

At right angles to the fore and aft line of the ship. Across the yacht.

The regular raising and lowering from mean sea level due to the gravitational effect of the moon and sun (and other planets).

A bar that acts as a lever for steering, connected to the rudder stock

Twenty four longitudinal zones, each of 15º and each representing one hour of time.

Sailing upwind, sailing to a point where the wind is blowing from.

A line connected from the top of the mast to the outer end of the boom to support the boom. When the sail is set, the topping lift is slackened as the sail supports the boom.

On or to the upper parts of a ship; on deck.

Sides of the vessel between waterline and deck/rail.

A stern that is cut off, square or sloping, at the waterline.

to take them out of the rowlocks

A bunk suspended above another.

to windward

The disturbed water surface a vessel leaves behind her when sailing

Using a rope to move a vessel without the aid of propulsion or sail. on a rope.

The white water created as a boat progresses, and the underlying wave.

A division of shipboard time.

Shift arrangements for manning at sea.

the section of hull that sits level with the water

Movement of a vessel through the water.

To retrieve an anchor. To winch or lift an anchor off the bottom of the sea back onboard.

The binding with lots of wraps with small twine. Normally used on the end of a rope to prevent it from unravelling.

The white foam on the crests of waves.

A horizontally mounted winch with warping drums for hawser winding and gypsys for chain winding.

The direction from which the wind comes.

The weather side of vessel.

A gentle breeze.